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자바 폼과 프레임, 레이블, 기본 레이아웃

추상작업 2020. 9. 10. 20:23

AWT 프레임과 레이블

import java.awt.*;

public class Round17_Ex01 {
    public static void main(String[] ar) {
        Frame f = new Frame();
        f.setSize(300, 200); // f.pack();
        Dimension dimen = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
        Dimension dimen1 = f.getSize();
        
        int xpos = (int)(dimen.getWidth()/2 - dimen1.getWidth()/2);   // 화면넓이/2 - Frame넓이/2
        int ypos = (int)(dimen.getHeight()/2 - dimen1.getHeight()/2); // 화면높이/2 - Frame높이/2
        
        f.setLocation(xpos, ypos); // Frame 위치 지정
        
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

상속관계

java.lang.Object -> java.awt.Component -> java.awt.Container -> java.awt.Window -> java.awt.Frame

 

사용할 기본 프레임

import java.awt.*;

public class Round17_Ex02 {
    public static void main(String[] ar) {
        Frame f = new Frame();
        f.setSize(300, 200); // f.pack();
        Dimension dimen = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
        Dimension dimen1 = f.getSize();
        
        int xpos = (int)(dimen.getWidth()/2 - dimen1.getWidth()/2);   // 화면넓이/2 - Frame넓이/2
        int ypos = (int)(dimen.getHeight()/2 - dimen1.getHeight()/2); // 화면높이/2 - Frame높이/2
        
        f.setLocation(xpos, ypos); // Frame 위치 지정
        
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
    
    class Round17_Ex02_Sub extends Frame {
        private Dimension dimen, dimen1;
        private int xpos, ypos;
        
        public Round17_Ex02_Sub() {
            super("제목 넣기");
            this.init();
            this.start();
            this.setSize(300, 200);
            dimen = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
            dimen1 = f.getSize();
            xpos = (int)(dimen.getWidth()/2 - dimen1.getWidth()/2);
            ypos = (int)(dimen.getHeight()/2 - dimen1.getHeight()/2); 
            
            this.setLocation(xpos, ypos);
            this.setVisible(true);
        }
        
        public void init() {
            // 화면 구성 넣을 부분
        }
        
        public void start() {
            // Event나 Thread 처리할 부분
        } 
    }
}

AWT 레이아웃 매니저

FlowLayout Manager

컴포넌트를 프레임상에 원래의 크기대로 차례차례 배치하는 레이아웃 매니저

private Label lb = new Label("AAA");
private Label lb1 = new Label("BBB");
private Label lb2 = new Label("CCC");
....

public void init() {
    FlowLayout flow = new FlowLayout(); // 기본 CENTER
    //FlowLayout flow = new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT);
    //FlowLayout flow = new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT);
    
    this.setLayout(flow);
    lb.setBackground(Color.yellow);
    lb1.setBackground(Color.yellow);
    lb2.setBackground(Color.yellow);
    this.add(lb);
    this.add(lb1);
    this.add(lb2);
}

GridLayout Manager

프레임을 그리드(Grid)로 나누어 컴포넌트를 차례대로 배치하는 레이아웃 매니저

생성자 : GridLayout(int x, int y), GridLayout(int x, int y, int xgap, int ygap)

 

1번 예

private List<Label> lbs = Arrays.asList(
    new Label("A"), new Label("B"), new Label("C"), new Label("D")
);
....
public void init() {
    GridLayout grid = new GridLayout(2, 2)
    //GridLayout grid = new GridLayout(2, 2, 5, 5)
    for(int i=0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
        lbs.get(i).setBackground(Color.yellow);
    }
    for(int i=0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
        this.add(lbs.get(i));
    }
}

2번 예

private List<Label> lbs = Arrays.asList(
    new Label("A"), new Label("B"), new Label("C"), new Label("D")
    ,new Label("E") ,new Label("F")
);
....
public void init() {
    GridLayout grid = new GridLayout(2, 3)
    //GridLayout grid = new GridLayout(2, 3, 10, 5)
    for(int i=0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
        lbs.get(i).setBackground(Color.yellow);
    }
    for(int i=0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
        this.add(lbs.get(i));
    }
}

3번 예

private List<Label> lbs = Arrays.asList(
    new Label("A"), new Label("B"), new Label("C"), new Label("D")
    ,new Label("E"), new Label("F"),new Label("G"), new Label("H")
    ,new Label("I")
);
....
public void init() {
    GridLayout grid = new GridLayout(3, 3)
    //GridLayout grid = new GridLayout(3, 3, 5, 10)
    for(int i=0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
        lbs.get(i).setBackground(Color.yellow);
    }
    for(int i=0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
        this.add(lbs.get(i));
    }
}

BorderLayout Manager

프레임을 5개 방향(Center, North, South, West, East)으로 나누고 컴포넌트를 특정 방향으로 배치하는 레이아웃 메니저

생성자 : BorderLayout(), BorderLayout(int xgap, int ygap)

private List<Label> lbs = Arrays.asList(
    new Label("A"), new Label("B"), new Label("C"), new Label("D"), new Label("E")
);
....
public void init() {
    BorderLayout border = new BorderLayout();
    // BorderLayout border = new BorderLayout(5, 5);
    for(int i=0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
        lbs.get(i).setBackground(Color.yellow);
    }
   
    this.add(lbs.get(0), BorderLayout.CENTER);  // this.add("Center", lbs.get(0));
    this.add(lbs.get(1), BorderLayout.NORTH);  // this.add("North", lbs.get(1));
    this.add(lbs.get(2), BorderLayout.SOUTH);  // this.add("South", lbs.get(2));
    this.add(lbs.get(3), BorderLayout.WEST);  // this.add("West", lbs.get(3));
    this.add(lbs.get(4), BorderLayout.EAST);  // this.add("East", lbs.get(4));
}

// 0 번째를 뺐을때
public void init() {
    BorderLayout border = new BorderLayout();
    // BorderLayout border = new BorderLayout(5, 5);
    for(int i=0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
        if( i == 0) continue;
        lbs.get(i).setBackground(Color.yellow);
    }
    this.add(lbs.get(1), BorderLayout.NORTH);  // this.add("North", lbs.get(1));
    this.add(lbs.get(2), BorderLayout.SOUTH);  // this.add("South", lbs.get(2));
    this.add(lbs.get(3), BorderLayout.WEST);  // this.add("West", lbs.get(3));
    this.add(lbs.get(4), BorderLayout.EAST);  // this.add("East", lbs.get(4));
}

// 2, 4번째를 뺐을때
public void init() {
    BorderLayout border = new BorderLayout();
    // BorderLayout border = new BorderLayout(5, 5);
    for(int i=0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
        if(i == 2 || i == 4)  continue;
        lbs.get(i).setBackground(Color.yellow);
    }
   
    this.add(lbs.get(0), BorderLayout.CENTER);  // this.add("Center", lbs.get(0));
    this.add(lbs.get(1), BorderLayout.NORTH);  // this.add("North", lbs.get(1));
    this.add(lbs.get(3), BorderLayout.WEST);  // this.add("West", lbs.get(3));
}

CardLayout Manager

프레임에 카드를 엎어 놓은 듯이 여러 개의 Container를 상속받은 Panel 등과 같은 객체를 포개 놓은 듯한 배치의 레이아웃 매니저

생성자: CardLayout(), CardLayout(int hgap, int vgap)

private List<Panel> ps = Arrays.asList(new Panel(), new Panel(), new Panel());
private CardLayout card = new CardLayout();
//private CardLayout card = new CardLayout(5, 5);

public 생성자() {
    ....
    this.setVisible(true);
    try {Thread.sleep(5000);} catch (InterruptedException e){}
    card.show(this,"aaa");
    
    try {Thread.sleep(5000);} catch (InterruptedException e){}
    card.show(this,"bbb");
    
    try {Thread.sleep(5000);} catch (InterruptedException e){}
    card.show(this, "ccc");
}

public void init() {
    ps.get(0).setBackgound(Color.red);
    ps.get(1).setBackgound(Color.green);
    ps.get(2).setBackgound(Color.blue);
    
    this.setLayout(card);
    
    this.add("aaa",ps.get(0));
    this.add("bbb",ps.get(1));
    this.add("ccc",ps.get(2));
    
}

GridBagLayout Manager

프레임 좌측 상단을 기준으로 폭과 크기를 정하여 컴포넌트를 배치하는 고차원의 레이아웃 매니저

생성자: GridBagLayout()

관련클래스생성자: GridBagConstraints(), GridBagConstraints(int gridx, int gridy, int gridwidth, int gridheight, int weightx, int weighty, int anchor, int fill, Inset insets, int ipadx, int ipady)

 

더보기

GridBagConstraint의 지정 값

  1. .gridx, gridy : 컴포넌트의 x, y 위치
  2. gridwidth, gridheight: 컴포넌트 디폴트 크기에 대한 폭과 높이의 소속 배율
  3. weightx, weighty : 컴포넌트 각 크기의 비율
  4. anchor : 영역 내부에서의 컴포넌트 위치
  5. fill : 영역을 채우기 위한 속성 지정
  6. insets : 컴포넌트의 영역 내부에서의 여백
  7. ipadx, ipady : 컴포넌트의 크기 추가

 

import java.awt.*;

public class Round17_Ex04 {
    public void main(String[] ar) {
        new Round17_Ex04_Sub();
    }
    
    class Round17_Ex04_Sub extends Frame {
        private Dimension dimen, dimen1;
        private int xpos, ypos;
        private List<Label> lbs = Arrays.asList(
            new Label("A"), new Label("B"), new Label("C"), new Label("D")
            ,new Label("E"), new Label("F"),new Label("G"), new Label("H")
            ,new Label("I"),new Label("J")
        );
        
        public Roound17_Ex04_Sub(){
            super();
            this.init();
            this.start();
            this.pack(); // 현 Frame을 JVM이 정하는 크기에 맞춘다.
            dimen = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
            dimen1 = f.getSize();
            xpos = (int)(dimen.getWidth()/2 - dimen1.getWidth()/2);   // 화면넓이/2 - Frame넓이/2
            ypos = (int)(dimen.getHeight()/2 - dimen1.getHeight()/2); // 화면높이/2 - Frame높이/2        
            this.setLocation(xpos, ypos); // Frame 위치 지정
            this.setVisible(true);
        }
        
        public void init() {
            for(int i =0; i < lbs.size(); i++) {
                lbs.get(i).setBackground(Color.yellow);
            }
            GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout();
            GridBagConstraints gc = new GridBagConstraints();
            this.setLayout(gridbag);
            // 작업영역 시작
            
            // 작업영역 끝
        }
        public void start() {
            // Event나 Thread 처리할 부분
        }
    }
    
}

gridx와 gridy로 위치를 지정하기

gc.girdx = 0; gc.girdy = 0; gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(0), gc); this.add(lbs.get(0));
gc.girdx = 1; gc.girdy = 1; gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(1), gc); this.add(lbs.get(1));
gc.girdx = 2; gc.girdy = 1; gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(2), gc); this.add(lbs.get(2));
gc.girdx = 1; gc.girdy = 2; gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(3), gc); this.add(lbs.get(3));
gc.girdx = 2; gc.girdy = 2; gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(4), gc); this.add(lbs.get(4));
gc.girdx = 2; gc.girdy = 3; gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(5), gc); this.add(lbs.get(5));
gc.girdx = 3; gc.girdy = 2; gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(6), gc); this.add(lbs.get(6));

gridwidth와 gridheight로 컴포넌트의 폭과 높이를 지정하기

 B 라벨은 x축으로 2배, y축으로 2배 공간이라는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

gc.girdx = 0; gc.girdy = 0; 
gc.girdwidth = 1; gc.girdheight = 1; 
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(0), gc); this.add(lbs.get(0));

gc.girdx = 1; gc.girdy = 1; 
gc.girdwidth = 2; gc.girdheight = 2; 
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(1), gc); this.add(lbs.get(1));

gc.girdx = 2; gc.girdy = 1; 
gc.girdwidth = 1; gc.girdheight = 1; 
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(2), gc); this.add(lbs.get(2));

gc.girdx = 1; gc.girdy = 2; 
gc.girdwidth = 1; gc.girdheight = 1; 
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(3), gc); this.add(lbs.get(3));

gc.girdx = 2; gc.girdy = 2; 
gc.girdwidth = 1; gc.girdheight = 1; 
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(4), gc); this.add(lbs.get(4));

gc.girdx = 2; gc.girdy = 3; 
gc.girdwidth = 1; gc.girdheight = 1; 
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(5), gc); this.add(lbs.get(5));

gc.girdx = 3; gc.girdy = 2; 
gc.girdwidth = 1; gc.girdheight = 1; 
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(6), gc); this.add(lbs.get(6));

weightx, weighty 를 사용하여 각 컴포넌트 영역의 크기 비율 지정하기

A, B, C가 차지하는 공간의 비율이 달라진다.

// this.pack(); --> this.setSize(250, 200);
this.setSize(250, 200);

gc.weightx = 5;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(0), gc); this.add(lbs.get(0));
gc.weightx = 2;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(1), gc); this.add(lbs.get(1));
gc.weightx = 1;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(2), gc); this.add(lbs.get(2));

anchor로 자기영역에서의 위치 지정하기

weighty를 지정한 이유는 전체높이를 영역으로 주기 위함

gc.weightx = 5; gc.weighty = 1; gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTHEAST;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(0), gc); this.add(lbs.get(0));
gc.weightx = 2; gc.weighty = 1; gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(1), gc); this.add(lbs.get(1));
gc.weightx = 1; gc.weighty = 1; gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.SOUTHWEST;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(2), gc); this.add(lbs.get(2));

fill 속성으로 각 영역을 채워넣기

//GridBagConstraints.NONE;
gc.weightx = 5; gc.weighty = 1; gc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(0), gc); this.add(lbs.get(0));
gc.weightx = 2; gc.weighty = 1; gc.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(1), gc); this.add(lbs.get(1));
gc.weightx = 1; gc.weighty = 1; gc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(2), gc); this.add(lbs.get(2));

insets 속성으로 내부 여백 주기

//GridBagConstraints.NONE;
gc.weightx = 5; gc.weighty = 1; gc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
gc.insets = new Insets(10, 10, 10, 10);
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(0), gc); this.add(lbs.get(0));
gc.weightx = 2; gc.weighty = 1; gc.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
gc.insets = new Insets(0, 0, 0, 0);
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(1), gc); this.add(lbs.get(1));
gc.weightx = 1; gc.weighty = 1; gc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
gc.insets = new Insets(0, 0, 0, 0);
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(2), gc); this.add(lbs.get(2));

ipadx와 ipady를 사용하여 컴포넌트 크기 추가하기

x축은 서로 맞물려 있으니 y축으로만 증가시킨다.

gc.weightx = 1 gc.weighty = 1; gc.ipady = 10;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(0), gc); this.add(lbs.get(0));
gc.weightx = 1 gc.weighty = 1; gc.ipady = 20;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(1), gc); this.add(lbs.get(1));
gc.weightx = 1; gc.weighty = 1; gc.ipady = 30;
gridbag.setConstraints(lbs.get(2), gc); this.add(lbs.get(2));

 

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